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FIJI.CRD
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#CARD:Fiji:Geography
#WORD 41 67 160 159 0
Fiji Click Here for Country List
#IMAGE 44 61 TWPCX \maps\FIJI.PCX
Geography Click Here for MAP
Location:
Oceania, Melanesia, 2,500 km north of New Zealand in the South Pacific
Ocean
Map references:
Oceania, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
18,270 sq km
land area:
18,270 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
1,129 km
Maritime claims:
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Terrain:
mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Natural resources:
timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential
Land use:
arable land:
8%
permanent crops:
5%
meadows and pastures:
3%
forest and woodland:
65%
other:
19%
Irrigated land:
10 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
deforestation; soil erosion
natural hazards:
cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
international agreements:
party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
Note:
includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited
#CARD:Fiji:People
People
Population:
764,382 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.05% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
24.18 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
6.5 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
-7.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
18.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
65.14 years
male:
62.88 years
female:
67.51 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.92 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Fijian(s)
adjective:
Fijian
Ethnic divisions:
Fijian 49%, Indian 46%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas
Chinese, and other 5%
Religions:
Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim
8%, other 2%
note:
Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim
minority (1986)
Languages:
English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1985 est.)
total population:
86%
male:
90%
female:
81%
Labor force:
235,000
by occupation:
subsistence agriculture 67%, wage earners 18%, salary earners 15%
(1987)
#CARD:Fiji:Government
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Fiji
conventional short form:
Digraph:
FJ
Type:
republic
note:
military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formally declared Fiji
a republic on 6 October 1987
Capital:
Suva
Administrative divisions:
4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*,
Western
Independence:
10 October 1970 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 10 October (1970)
Constitution:
10 October 1970 (suspended 1 October 1987); a new Constitution was
proposed on 23 September 1988 and promulgated on 25 July 1990; the
1990 Constitution is under review; the review will be complete by 1997
Legal system:
based on British system
Suffrage:
none
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Ratu Sir Kamisese MARA (since 12 January 1994); First Vice
President Ratu Sir Josaia TAIVAIQIA (since 12 January 1994); Second
Vice President Ratu Inoke TAKIVEIKATA (since 12 January 1994); note -
President GANILAU died on 15 December 1993 and Vice President MARA
became acting president; MARA was elected president by the Great
Council of Chiefs on 12 January 1994
head of government:
Prime Minister Sitiveni RABUKA (since 2 June 1992)
Presidential Council:
appointed by the governor general
Great Council of Chiefs:
(highest ranking members of the traditional chiefly system)
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by prime minister from members of Parliament and
responsible to Parliament
Legislative branch:
the bicameral Parliament was dissolved following the coup of 14 May
1987
Senate:
nonelective body containing 34 seats, 24 reserved for Melanesians, 9
for Indians and others, 1 for the island of Rotuma
House of Representatives:
elections last held 18-25 February 1994 (next to be held NA 1997);
results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (70 total, with ethnic
Fijians allocated 37 seats, ethnic Indians 27 seats, and independents
and other 6 seats) number of seats by party SVT 31, NFP 20, FLP 7, FA
5, GVP 4, independents 2, ANC 1
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
Fijian Political Party (SVT - primarily Fijian), leader Maj. Gen.
Sitivini RABUKA; National Federation Party (NFP; primarily Indian),
Jai Ram REDDY; Christian Fijian Nationalist Party (CFNP), Sakeasi
BUTADROKA; Fiji Labor Party (FLP), Mahendra CHAUDHRY; All National
Congress (ANC), Apisai TORA; General Voters Party (GVP), Max OLSSON;
Fiji Conservative Party (FCP), Isireli VUIBAU; Conservative Party of
Fiji (CPF), Jolale ULUDOLE and Viliame SAVU; Fiji Indian Liberal
Party, Swami MAHARAJ; Fiji Indian Congress Party, Ishwari BAJPAI; Fiji
Independent Labor (Muslim), leader NA; Four Corners Party, David
TULVANUAVOU; Fijian Association (FA), Josevata KAMIKAMICA
Member of:
ACP, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, PCA,
SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNOMUR,
UNTAC, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Pita Kewa NACUVA
chancery:
Suite 240, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone:
(202) 337-8320
FAX:
(202) 337-1996
consulate(s):
New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
(vacant); Charge d'Affaires William ROPE
embassy:
31 Loftus Street, Suva
mailing address:
P. O. Box 218, Suva
telephone:
[679] 314-466
FAX:
[679] 300-081
Flag:
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant
and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the
shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the
cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree,
bananas, and a white dove
#CARD:Fiji:Economy
Economy
Overview:
Fiji's economy is primarily agricultural, with a large subsistence
sector. Sugar exports and tourism are the major sources of foreign
exchange. Industry contributes 13% to GDP, with sugar processing
accounting for one-third of industrial activity. Roughly 250,000
tourists visit each year. Political uncertainty and drought, however,
contribute to substantial fluctuations in earnings from tourism and
sugar. In 1992, growth was approximately 3%, based on growth in
tourism and a lessening of labor-management disputes in the sugar and
gold-mining sectors. In 1993, the government's budgeted growth rate of
3% was not achieved because of a decline in non-sugar agricultural
output and damage from Cyclone Kina.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $3 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
1% (1993 est.)
National product per capita:
$4,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5.6% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate:
5.9% (1991 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$455 million
expenditures:
$546 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)
Exports:
$417 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
sugar 40%, clothing, processed fish, gold, lumber
partners:
EC 26%, Australia 15%, Pacific Islands 11%, Japan 6%
Imports:
$517 million (c.i.f., 1992 est)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, consumer
goods, chemicals
partners:
Australia 30%, NZ 17%, Japan 13%, EC 6%, US 6%
External debt:
$670 million (1994 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.5% (1992 est.); accounts for 13% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
215,000 kW
production:
420 million kWh
consumption per capita:
560 kWh (1992)
Industries:
sugar, tourism, copra, gold, silver, clothing, lumber, small cottage
industries
Agriculture:
accounts for 23% of GDP; principal cash crop is sugarcane; coconuts,
cassava, rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; small livestock sector
includes cattle, pigs, horses, and goats; fish catch nearly 33,000
tons (1989)
Economic aid:
recipient:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1980-89), $815 million
Currency:
1 Fijian dollar (F$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Fijian dollars (F$) per US$1 - 1.5239 (January 1994), 1.5418 (1993),
1.5030 (1992), 1.4756 (1991), 1.4809 (1990), 1.4833 (1989)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
#CARD:Fiji:Communications
Communications
Railroads:
644 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge, belonging to the government-owned
Fiji Sugar Corporation
Highways:
total:
3,300 km
paved:
1,590 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 1,290 km; unimproved earth 420
km (1984)
Inland waterways:
203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
Ports:
Labasa, Lautoka, Savusavu, Suva
Merchant marine:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 44,911 GRT/54,490 DWT, cargo 1,
chemical tanker 2, container 2, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2
Airports:
total:
25
usable:
22
with permanent-surface runways:
3
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
1
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
2
Telecommunications:
modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated)
public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter
facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between
US-Canada and NZ-Australia; 53,228 telephones (71 telephones per 1,000
persons); broadcast stations - 7 AM, 1 FM, no TV; 1 Pacific Ocean
INTELSAT earth station
#CARD:Fiji:Defense Forces
Defense Forces
Branches:
Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF; including a naval division,
police)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 197,767; fit for military service 109,026; reach
military age (18) annually 8,154 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $22.4 million, about 2% of GDP (FY91/92)
FIJI.0